Parallax As Distance

Redshift As Velocity

Light As Propagation

Standard Candles

Inverse-Square Dimming As Universal Law

Cosmic Microwave Background As Relic Radiation

Interim Accounting…

Neutrinos As Compensatory Construct

Gravitational Lensing As Mass and Location

Stellar Evolution And Main-Sequence Lifetimes

Cosmic Chronometers And Population Aging

Elemental Abundance And Nucleosynthesis As Primordial Relic

What Collapses / What Remains